Iran (IMNA) - Imam Khomeini dedicated his life to resisting the US-backed Pahlavi dynasty, ultimately leading to its downfall during the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini emerged as a pivotal figure in this revolution, which resulted in the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Imam Khomeini became the Grand Leader of Iran, serving as the paramount figure in the political framework of the newly established Islamic Republic until his death.
Imam Khomeini was recognized as a Marja-e taqlid by many Muslims and was officially addressed as Imam in Iran. He was also a significant Islamic political theorist, particularly known for formulating the concept of velayat-e faqih, or "guardianship of the jurisconsult."
Born on September 24, 1902, in Khomein, Iran, Imam Khomeini came from a religious family that traced its lineage back to Prophet Muhammad (PB). Raised primarily by his mother and aunt until age 15, Imam Khomeini began studying the Quran at six and continued his education under various scholars.
At 18, he moved to Arak to study at an esteemed Islamic seminary. In 1921, he began his studies there and later followed his mentor to Qom when the seminary relocated. After years of teaching Islamic jurisprudence and philosophy, he became a Marja in 1963.
Imam Khomeini spent over 14 years in exile due to his opposition to the Shah's regime. Initially sent to Turkey in 1964, he later settled in Najaf, Iraq. His lectures on Islamic governance during this period laid the groundwork for his influential work titled Islamic Government. His messages were disseminated back to Iran via cassette tapes, galvanizing public dissent against the Shah.
As protests intensified in late 1978, Imam Khomeini's influence grew significantly. He returned triumphantly to Iran on February 1, 1979, just two weeks after the Shah fled. Millions welcomed him as he assumed leadership amid a power vacuum.
Following his return, Imam Khomeini quickly consolidated power. A national referendum in April declared the establishment of an Islamic Republic with overwhelming support. He became Iran’s political and religious leader for life, implementing a theocratic government based on his interpretation of Shia Islam.
Imam Khomeini passed away on June 3, 1989, after battling cancer. His death prompted widespread mourning across Iran, with over ten million people attending his funeral—one of the largest in history. Following his death, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei was appointed as his successor.
In remembrance of Imam Khomeini's contributions and leadership, June 4 is observed annually as a national holiday in Iran.
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