Iran (IMNA) - Due to low rainfall, lack of fertile soil and other ecological reasons, Iran's southern coastal regions do not have dense vegetation and their forest regions and pasture resources are scattered. However, the coasts along the Persian Gulf under the sovereignty of Iran have valuable resources including mangrove forests, coral reefs, unique coastal wildlife, which have been created due to the presence of suitable sedimentological and hydrological conditions.
Mangrove forests are widespread along estuaries and deltas, providing essential habitat for a variety of fish and birds. This region is also popular among bird watchers, with migratory and resident species including herons, egrets, and flamingos. In addition to the arid and desert parts of central Iran, robust species such as the Arabian gazelle and a variety of reptiles thrive in this area.
However, the Makran shoreline confronts several environmental concerns. Desertification is one of the consequences of a dry environmental condition and overuse of land resources. Human activities increase natural coastal erosion, causing land and habitat loss. Industrial and urban pollution, including oil spills, untreated sewage and plastic waste, significantly affect marine and coastal ecosystems.
Biodiversity loss due to habitat destruction and pollution threatens various marine species, some of which are in danger of extinction. Also, over-fishing has reduced fish populations and disrupted the marine food webs. Climate change, sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events also affect coastal communities and ecosystems. Degradation of mangrove forests, which are vital for coastal protection and biodiversity, are threatened by land grabbing and pollution.
Efforts are being made to deal with these problems, including implementing stricter regulations, conservation projects, and international cooperation. Makran beach has also been very important from a historical point of view. This region was a part of the ancient Iranian empire in the past and was mentioned in Greek and Roman historical sources. Alexander the Great passed through Makran on his way back from India and faced many problems due to the harsh conditions of this region.
The coast of Makran was part of the important sea trade routes that connected the Middle East to South Asia and East Africa. This region is geologically active and due to the tectonic activities, natural hazards such as tsunamis and earthquakes are most likely to happen. Makran is particularly prone to storms that arise from the Arabian Sea and all responsible for coastal flooding and other climate-driven natural disasters
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