Iran (IMNA) - Heredity is a significant factor in the development of hypertension. Individuals with a family history of the disease have an increased risk of developing it themselves. However, genetics alone cannot be considered a definitive cause; blood pressure is the result of a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. In other words, even if a person has a genetic predisposition, adhering to preventive measures can prevent or delay the onset of hypertension.
In families where one or both parents have hypertension, offspring are at higher risk due to inheriting susceptibility genes. However, it is important to emphasize that heredity is a probability, not a predetermined fate. By controlling environmental factors such as nutrition, physical activity, and stress management, this risk can be reduced, and awareness of family history should motivate proactive prevention.
One of the most effective methods for preventing hypertension is dietary modification. Excessive consumption of salt, saturated fats, and processed foods can elevate blood pressure. Conversely, the intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy protein sources such as fish and legumes plays an important role in cardiovascular health. Reducing salt intake not only helps control blood pressure but also prevents kidney diseases and strokes.
Regular physical activity is a cornerstone of cardiovascular health; exercise strengthens vascular function, aids in weight control, and helps regulate blood pressure. On the other hand, chronic stress can significantly elevate blood pressure, and relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and yoga are effective in stress management. Additionally, avoiding tobacco use, especially smoking, is vital in lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension.
Dr. Mohammadreza Akhbari, a cardiologist and interventional cardiology subspecialist, in an interview with IMNA, stated that genetic predisposition plays a substantial role in the development of hypertension. He confirmed that the role of heredity in hypertension is well established, but genetics should not be considered the sole cause. Instead, genetics acts in conjunction with other contributing factors.
He added that occasionally hypertension may develop without a genetic basis. If one or both parents have hypertension, the likelihood of offspring developing the disease increases. However, controlling other risk factors can overcome genetic influence or delay disease onset.
Dr. Akhbari emphasized that modifying taste preferences and limiting salt consumption are among the effective preventive strategies against hypertension. Additionally, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco use—especially smoking—and managing stress and anxiety are also crucial preventive measures.
Regarding salt reduction, Dr. Akhbari mentioned that while it is beyond individual control to alter genetic predisposition, managing other factors must not be neglected. Generally, adopting a healthy lifestyle and following dietary recommendations, particularly reducing salt intake, can significantly prevent hypertension.
He highlighted that the only reliable method to measure blood pressure is through the use of a sphygmomanometer, which comes in various types. Symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and headache may or may not be related to hypertension. It is also possible for an individual to live with severe hypertension for years without symptoms.
Dr. Akhbari noted that people should not wait for symptoms before undergoing blood pressure screening. Due to the asymptomatic nature of hypertension, regular screening using blood pressure monitors is critically important. Upon diagnosis, patients must rigorously follow treatment protocols.
Although genetic control is beyond individual capacity, a healthy lifestyle can neutralize its effects. Daily choices—such as diet, activity level, and stress management—play a decisive role in cardiovascular health. Salt reduction, avoidance of fatty foods, adequate sleep, and abstaining from alcohol and tobacco are all measures that maintain normal blood pressure levels and prevent serious complications.
Many individuals mistakenly believe that high blood pressure must be accompanied by symptoms like headache, dizziness, or nausea. This misconception is incorrect; hypertension is often silent and may exist for years without any signs. This silent nature often delays diagnosis until severe complications like heart, kidney, or brain damage occur.
The only reliable method for diagnosing hypertension is through blood pressure measurement with devices available for both home and clinical use, enabling accurate assessment. It is recommended that individuals, especially those with a family history or other risk factors, regularly monitor their blood pressure. Upon diagnosis, strict adherence to treatment and medical advice is essential to prevent complications.
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